Educational challenges and initiatives related to youth disengagement and active citizenship in Sweden, Spain, and Greece – A literature review

This thorough literature review systematically explores the educational challenges and initiatives related to youth disengagement and active citizenship in Sweden, Spain, and Greece. The study delves into the intersection of youth entrepreneurship, early school leaving, and the development of 21st-century skills within the context of active citizenship in these nations. The obstacles hindering youth entrepreneurship include societal attitudes and skill gaps. Recommendations include fostering strong industry-academic partnerships, continuously improving curricula, and conducting targeted research focused on specific demographic groups. The literature review provides valuable insights into active citizenship, emphasizing democratic collaboration, the balance between rights and responsibilities, and the resulting positive impacts on social and environmental areas. Challenges faced by NEET individuals are closely linked to classroom inclusivity issues and economic recessions.